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2018考研英語：怎樣讓完型成為送分題？
從完型填空的命題形式來看,每個空都不是孤立存在的,而是處在一整篇文章的大背景之中的。從這個角度來說,完型文章實際上是由已知信息和未知信息構成。通過相關已知信息提供的線索進行分析總結,結合選項定位出答案,這就是完型解題的基本方法。而相關已知信息一般在上下句之中,而上下句之間往往有明顯的邏輯關系,因此熟練把握這種邏輯關系就成為解題的關鍵所在。
邏輯關系題是完型填空的重要考查點,且容易得分,故成為完型的重要得分點。完型中主要考察的五大邏輯關系為:對立關系、因果關系、并列關系、總分關系和遞進關系。
一、對立關系
包括讓步和轉折關系,常見的標志詞和短語有:but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but等。
如2000年完型第41題:
He must store a large quantity of grain ___ consuming all his grain immediately.
[A]other than [B]as well as [C]instead of [D]more than
答案:C
解析:此處考查的是邏輯關系,需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷�？涨啊皟Υ媪舜罅考Z食”與空后“消耗所有糧食”形成對立關系,選C instead of。
二、因果關系
常用的標志詞和短語有:because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason等。
如2004年完型第34題:
More families consist of one parent households or two working parents, ___, children are likely to have less supervision at home.
[A]contrarily [B]consequently [C]similarly [D]simultaneously
答案:B
解析:此處考查的是邏輯關系,需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷�？涨啊案嗟募彝ナ菃斡H家庭或雙工家庭”與空后“孩子在家很少受到監(jiān)管”之間是因果關系,故所B consequently。
三、并列關系
常用的標志詞和短語有:and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same…as等。
如2004年完型第25題:
Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, ___ as a rejection of middle-class values.
[A]or [B]but rather [C]but [D]or else
答案:A
解析:此處考查的是邏輯關系,需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷�？涨啊皼]有成功提升社會經濟地位”與空后“排斥中產階級的價值觀”都可能是“犯罪”的原因,故空前和空后之間是并列關系,選A or。
四、總分關系
常用的標志詞和短語有:such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically等。
如2001年完型第31題:
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases ___ the trial of Rosemary West.
[A]as to [B]for instance [C]in particular [D]such as
答案:D
解析:此處考查的是邏輯關系,需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷�？涨啊皃rominent cases”與空后“the trial of Rosemary West”是包含的關系,總體與部分的關系,可以選for instance和such as,但for instance后面不能直接加名詞,such as后要直接加名詞,故選D such as。
五、遞進關系
常用的標志詞和短語有:then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more等。
如1994年完型第46題:
Too often, careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.
___, inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him.
[A]Moreover [B]However [C]Preliminarily [D]Unexpectedly
答案:A
解析:此處考查的是邏輯關系,需要根據(jù)空前和空后來判斷。此空位于段首,需要考慮本段與上一段的邏輯關系,上一段提到“careless use of words”給交談帶來的障礙,空后則提到“inaccurate or indefinite words”理解信息造成的困難。前后是遞進關系,故選擇A moreover。
掌握了邏輯關系這一個法寶,完型得分就不再是問題。
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