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蒙娜麗莎是否微笑由看官你的情緒決定英語(yǔ)美文
Scientists have discovered why the Mona Lisa’s expression looks so different to different people and at different times.
不同的人在不同的時(shí)間觀察蒙娜麗莎的表情會(huì)得到完全不同的印象，對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到原因。
For centuries, art lovers and critics have been perplexed by and debated the Leonardo Da Vinci paintings gaze and slight smile - or is it a grimace?
幾百年來(lái)，藝術(shù)愛(ài)好者和評(píng)論家一直對(duì)萊奧納多.達(dá)芬奇這幅畫(huà)中人物的目光和她的微笑(或是苦相)感到困惑，并對(duì)此進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)論。
But new research from the University of California, San Francisco has shed new light on the luminous and seemingly changing face of the Mona Lisa.
不過(guò)，美國(guó)舊金山加利福尼亞大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)新研究讓人們對(duì)蒙娜麗莎明亮且似乎在不斷變化的表情有了新的理解。
Through experiments on visual perception and neurology, they discovered that our emotions really do alter how we see a neutral face.
通過(guò)視覺(jué)和神經(jīng)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們的情緒確實(shí)可以改變我們看待一個(gè)中性的臉部表情的方式。
Dr Erika Siegel and her colleagues study how our emotions change our perceptions of the world around us - even when we aren’t aware that something has changed our feelings.
來(lái)自該大學(xué)的埃麗卡.西格爾博士及其同事研究了情緒如何改變我們對(duì)周?chē)澜绲睦斫�，即使我們不知道某些事情已�?jīng)改變了自己的情緒。
This relies on the modern theory of ’the brain as a predictive organ, instead of a reactive one,’ says Dr Siegel.
西格爾說(shuō)，這基于“大腦是一種預(yù)測(cè)性器官而非反應(yīng)性器官”的現(xiàn)代理論。
In other words, ’we have a lifetime of experience and we use those experiences to predict what we are going to experience next. ’
西格爾解釋說(shuō)，換言之，“我們積累了一生的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并使用這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)接下來(lái)將要經(jīng)歷的事情�！�
Incoming information is actually just used to correct the predictions if they turn out to be wrong,’ Dr Siegel explains.
“如果這種預(yù)測(cè)被證明是錯(cuò)誤的，新的信息實(shí)際上只是用于糾正預(yù)測(cè)�！�
So, she and her team predicted that how we perceive a new face - as happy, sad, friendly, neutral - actually has a lot more to do with the feelings we are carrying around when we greet it than the expression on that face.
因此，西格爾及其團(tuán)隊(duì)預(yù)測(cè)，人們對(duì)一張新面孔——究竟是愉快、悲傷、友好，還是中性——的理解，實(shí)際上會(huì)更多地與我們遇見(jiàn)這張面孔時(shí)自身的情緒有關(guān)，而不是這張面孔的實(shí)際情況。
Dr Siegel and he team can actually simulate that subconscious experience of our feelings thanks to a trick our vision plays on us.
實(shí)際上，西格爾的團(tuán)隊(duì)利用視覺(jué)可能欺騙我們的原理模擬出了人類(lèi)情感的潛意識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
We all have one dominant eye and one more passive non-dominant one.
每個(gè)人都有一個(gè)主視眼和一個(gè)更加被動(dòng)的非主視眼。
If each eye is receiving different information, we only consciously perceive what dominant one sees. But non-dominant sights can still seep into our subconcscious.
如果兩個(gè)眼睛接收到的信息不同，那么我們下意識(shí)地只接受主視眼所看到的情景。但非主視眼所看到的信息仍然會(huì)留在我們的潛意識(shí)中。
Dr Siegel and her team use this to gently and prime their study participants to feel one way or another.
西格爾的團(tuán)隊(duì)利用這一點(diǎn)小心地引導(dǎo)，讓研究參與者產(chǎn)生不同的感覺(jué)。
They showed 43 people two sets of flashing images simultaneously, so that the dominant eye saw and registered neutral expressions, while the non-dominant eye ’saw’ flashes of neutral, grimacing or smiling faces, that they would only subconsciously be aware of.
他們向43人同時(shí)展示兩組一閃而過(guò)的照片，以便讓主視眼看到并記下中性表情，同時(shí)讓非主視眼“看到”中性、苦笑或微笑的面孔，而參與者只能下意識(shí)地明白這一點(diǎn)。
After viewing the flashing faces, the researchers showed the participants options of faces and asked pick out which ones they had seen.
在看過(guò)這些一閃而過(guò)的面孔后，研究人員讓參與者看面孔圖片，并讓他們挑選出哪些是曾經(jīng)看到過(guò)的。
When their non-dominant eyes had seen a happy face, they were more likely to think the neutral face had actually been smiling, and the same was true for grimaces and neutral faces.
當(dāng)參與者中非主視眼看過(guò)的是笑臉時(shí)，他們更傾向于認(rèn)為中性面孔實(shí)際上是在微笑。而對(duì)于看到了痛苦和中性表情的面孔的參與者，他們也有同樣看法。
This means that ’if you see the Mona Lisa after you have just had a screaming fight with your husband, you’re going to see [the painting] differently,’ says Dr Siegel.
西格爾說(shuō)，這意味著“如果一個(gè)人剛剛同丈夫大吵一架，那么在她看到蒙娜麗莎這幅畫(huà)后會(huì)有不同的理解”。
But if you’re having the time of your life at the Louvre, you’re going to see the enigmatic smile,’ she adds.
她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“但如果你正在享受盧浮宮的美好時(shí)光的話(huà)，那你便會(huì)看到蒙娜麗莎神秘的微笑�！�
We are the architects of our own experience. Our brain makes predictions about what it expects to see and uses information from the world to its expectations,’ Dr Siegel says.
西格爾說(shuō)：“我們是我們自身經(jīng)歷的建造師。我們的大腦對(duì)即將看到的場(chǎng)面做出預(yù)測(cè)，同時(shí)用外部世界的信息更新預(yù)測(cè)�！�
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