40. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of---.
A) growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
B) the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce
C) the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture
D) full support from agriculture experts
注:因果關(guān)系詞 because of
"This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States," says George Qerther of Texas A& M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired form the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
一、翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn):忠實(shí)、通順
1.忠實(shí)指意義忠實(shí)于原文
2.通順指符合中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
3.“信、達(dá)、雅”
二、評(píng)分情況(每題2分)
1.全句結(jié)構(gòu)(句子當(dāng)中各個(gè)成分位置順序安排是否恰當(dāng)合理)0.5分
2.除全句結(jié)構(gòu)0.5分之外,剩下1.5分分布于句子當(dāng)中三個(gè)重要給分點(diǎn)(通常為重要詞組或者重要結(jié)構(gòu))
重要結(jié)構(gòu):定語(yǔ)從句、比較結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、雙重否定
例:Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (認(rèn)知的) areas such as attention and memory.
研究人員證實(shí)人們?cè)趧?dòng)腦筋時(shí),頭腦里會(huì)產(chǎn)生生化變化,使頭腦在注意力和記憶力這類認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域中更加有效的活動(dòng)。(全句結(jié)構(gòu)0.5)
三、翻譯過(guò)程
1.找到需翻譯語(yǔ)句對(duì)應(yīng)文中的位置
2.理解階段
1)根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系
2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)
3)表達(dá)階段(注意中英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣的差異)
1)詞序:即詞與詞或詞與句子之間的位置順序關(guān)系,中文習(xí)慣為修飾語(yǔ)前置。
例:The girl in red is my sister.
穿紅衣服的女孩是我姐姐。
I like the watch which you bought me.
我喜歡你給我買的那塊表。
We can keep fit by going in for exercise.
我們可以通過(guò)參加體育鍛煉來(lái)保持健康。
2)句序:a.中文習(xí)慣為狀語(yǔ)從句前置,英語(yǔ)中狀語(yǔ)從句(如原因、條件從句)有時(shí)置于主句之后,而漢語(yǔ)一般將狀語(yǔ)從句置于主語(yǔ)之前。
例:I would be most happy to go with you if I am not in the way.
如果不礙事的話我很高興和你們一起去。
b.中文按照時(shí)間邏輯順序安排句序,英文按照事情的重要性來(lái)安排句序。
例:It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had planned to pay to China in January.
我原計(jì)劃1月份訪問(wèn)中國(guó),后來(lái)必須推遲,對(duì)此我深表遺憾。
翻譯技巧
1.增詞法:目的在于使譯文通順而不是增加含義
1)增加動(dòng)詞
例:After the banquet and the concert, he would work on his report.
(參加)宴會(huì)和(出席)音樂(lè)會(huì)之后他會(huì)繼續(xù)寫報(bào)告。
2)增加名詞
例:He cann't endure the tension of modern life.
他不能忍受現(xiàn)代生活的緊張(節(jié)奏)。
例:You are frank and honest with all your faults.
你對(duì)錯(cuò)誤的(態(tài)度)坦誠(chéng)。
2.轉(zhuǎn)譯法:
1)含有動(dòng)詞意味的名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞
例:It is evidence enough of the desire of all of us to solve the problem according to people's will as soon as possible(ASAP).
這充分證明了我們都希望按照人們的意愿盡快解決問(wèn)題。
2)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞
例:Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他們之間關(guān)系的特點(diǎn)是以禮相待。
例:Most satellites are designed to burned up themselves after completing mission.
按照設(shè)計(jì)大部分衛(wèi)星在完成任務(wù)后自行燃燒。
3)形容詞副詞之間相互轉(zhuǎn)譯
例:We took several brief and restless naps.
我們簡(jiǎn)短不安地睡了幾次。