美國名人榜5：亞歷山大•漢密爾頓
亞歷山大·漢密爾頓(
Alexander
Hamilton
,1757年1月11日 - 1804年7月12日)是美國的開國元?jiǎng)字?憲法的起草人之一,財(cái)經(jīng)專家,是美國的第一任財(cái)政部長。因政黨惡斗而喪失生命的知名政治人物。
亞歷山大·漢密爾頓從一個(gè)來自英屬西印度群島的私生子和無家可歸的孤兒,一躍成為喬治·華盛頓最信任的左膀右臂,但后來卷入一樁性丑聞,在與副總統(tǒng)阿倫·伯爾的決斗中命喪黃泉。在美國的開國元?jiǎng)字?沒有哪位的生與死比亞歷山大·漢密爾頓更富戲劇色彩了。在為美國后來的財(cái)富和勢力奠定基礎(chǔ)方面,也沒有哪位開國老臣的功勞比得上漢密爾頓。雖然他也身為美國建國之父之一,卻始終沒能象別的人那樣做上美國總統(tǒng),而且在與其主要政治對(duì)手托馬斯·杰斐遜(
Thomas
Jefferson
)的競爭中更似乎是輸?shù)脩K不忍睹,可孰料——歷史的戲劇性就在于此——在其過世之后,他的政治遺產(chǎn),包括“工業(yè)建國之路”和建立一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的中央政府等等,卻在此后的美國歷史中起著越來越顯著的作用。甚至一些影響了美國歷史進(jìn)程的總統(tǒng),如林肯和西奧多·羅斯福(
Theodore
Roosevelt
),他們所施行的政策就是建立在漢密爾頓的遺產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ)上的。
Alexander
Hamilton
(
January
11, 1755
or
1757 –
July
12, 1804)
was
the
first
United
States
Secretary
of
the
Treasury
,
a
Founding
Father
,
economist
,
and
political
philosopher
.
Aide-de-camp
to
General
George
Washington
during
the
American
Revolutionary
War
,
he
was
a
leader
of
nationalist
forces
calling
for
a
new
Constitution
;
he
was
one
of
America
'
s
first
Constitutional
lawyers
,
and
wrote
most
of
the
Federalist
Papers
,
a
primary
source
for
Constitutional
interpretation
.
He
was
the
financial
expert
of
Washington
'
s
administration
;
the
Federalist
Party
formed
to
support
his
policies
.
Born
and
raised
in
the
Caribbean
,
Hamilton
attended
King
'
s
College
(
now
Columbia
University
)
in
New
York
.
At
the
start
of
the
American
Revolutionary
War
,
he
organized
an
artillery
company
and
was
chosen
as
its
captain
.
Hamilton
became
the
senioraide-de-camp
and
confidant
to
General
George
Washington
,
the
American
commander-in-chief
.
After
the
war
,
Hamilton
was
elected
to
the
Continental
Congress
from
New
York
,
but
he
resigned
to
practice
law
and
found
the
Bank
of
New
York
.
He
served
in
the
New
York
Legislature
,
and
he
was
the
only
New
Yorker
who
signed
the
U
.
S
.
Constitution
.
He
wrote
about
half
the
Federalist
Papers
,
which
secured
its
ratification
by
New
York
;
they
are
still
the
most
important
unofficial
interpretation
of
the
Constitution
.
In
the
new
government
under
President
Washington
he
became
Secretary
of
the
Treasury
.
An
admirer
of
British
political
systems
,
Hamilton
was
a
nationalist
who
emphasized
strong
central
government
and
successfully
argued
that
the
implied
powers
of
the
Constitution
could
be
used
to
fund
the
national
debt
,
assume
state
debts
,
and
create
the
government-owned
Bank
of
the
United
States
.
These
programs
were
funded
primarily
by
a
ariff
on
imports
and
a
highly
controversial
whiskey
tax
.
【美國名人榜5：亞歷山大•漢密爾頓】相關(guān)文章：
美國名人榜4：富蘭克林•羅斯福03-13
美國大學(xué)安全指數(shù)排行榜11-29
美國大學(xué)最實(shí)用排行榜12-09
美國大學(xué)低學(xué)費(fèi)排行榜11-30
美國大學(xué)富豪校友排行榜11-30
美國大學(xué)睡眠時(shí)間的排行榜12-09
美國大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)排行榜12-09
美國大學(xué)最佳伙食排行榜12-09
美國名人經(jīng)典語錄11-25