Lesson 67 Volcanoes

【New words and expressions】（12）
volcano n. 火山
active adj. 活動(dòng)的
Kivu n. 基伍湖
Congo n. 剛果
Kituro n. 基圖羅
erupt v. （火山）噴發(fā)
violently adv. 猛烈地，劇烈地
manage v. 設(shè)法
brilliant adj. 精彩的
liquid [5likwid] adj. 液態(tài)的；n. 液體
escape v. 逃脫
alive adj. 活著的

★active adj. 活動(dòng)的
active adj. 積極的
passive adj. 消極的, 被動(dòng)的

★violently adv. 猛烈地, 劇烈地
violent [5vaiElEnt] adj. 猛烈的, 激烈的, 暴力引起的, 強(qiáng)暴的
violence [5vaiElEns] n. 猛烈, 強(qiáng)烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行, 強(qiáng)暴

★manage v. 設(shè)法
manage to do sth. = try to do sth. and succeed
I can manage it. = I can manage it myself. = I can do it.

★escape [is5keip] v. 逃脫
① v. 逃脫
escape sth.
escape death 死里逃生
escape doing sth.
He escape punishment/being punished.
② n. 逃脫
narrow escape 九死一生

★alive adj. 活著的
alive 做定語(yǔ)時(shí)一定要放在被修飾詞后面, 屬于表語(yǔ)形容詞，后置定語(yǔ)
light ahead 前面的燈光
Every man alive has his/her own troubles.
living sth. 活著的……
living elephant 活著的象
live
① [laIv] adj. 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的，活著的（永遠(yuǎn)不和人連用）
live concert 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演唱會(huì)
live fish 活魚(yú)（不能和人連）
② [lIv] v. 活著

【Text】
Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.

參考譯文
波蘭科學(xué)家哈羅恩·塔捷耶夫花了畢生的精力來(lái)研究世界各地的`活火山和深洞. 1948年他去了剛果的基伍湖, 對(duì)一座后來(lái)被他命名為基圖羅的新火山進(jìn)行觀察. 當(dāng)火山正在猛烈地噴發(fā)時(shí), 塔捷耶夫有辦法把帳篷搭在離它非常近的地方. 盡管他設(shè)法拍了一些十分精彩的照片, 但他卻不能在火山附近停留太長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)有一股巖漿正向他流過(guò)來(lái), 眼看就要將他團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住, 但塔捷耶夫還是設(shè)法及時(shí)逃離了. 他等到火山平靜下來(lái), 兩天以后又返回去. 這次他設(shè)法爬進(jìn)了基圖羅火山口, 以便能拍攝照片和測(cè)試溫度. 塔捷耶夫經(jīng)常冒這樣的生命危險(xiǎn). 他能告訴我們的有關(guān)活火山的情況比任何在世的人都要多.

【課文講解】
1、Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world.
spend some time (in) doing sth. 花多少時(shí)間干……
lifetime n. 畢生精力
spend most of his lifetime 花了畢生大部分精力
spend his lifetime 花了畢生精力
in all parts of the world 世界各地的

2、Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently.
close to 離……很近，與……靠近
He parked the car close to the river.
Don’t sit so close to the fire.
for long＝for a long time

3、He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.
=He notice a river of liquid rock coming towards him.
notice that + 賓語(yǔ)從句
notice sth.
notice sb. do/doing sth. 注意到某人做某事/正在做某事
a river of… ……形成的河流
a river of soil and stone 泥石流
Rivers of blood flowed during World war II. （rivers of blood 血流成河）
When she heard the news, a river of tears came down her face.

4、It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time.
threaten to 威脅著要……，有跡象表明……
He threatened to leave the team. 他揚(yáng)言要離開(kāi)這個(gè)隊(duì)。
in time 及時(shí)，來(lái)得及，just表示“正好，差一點(diǎn)”
I caught the train just in time.
Shall we still be in time for/to see the performance?

5、This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.
manage to do sth. 設(shè)法做到某事，努力完成某事（雖然很費(fèi)勁，但仍然做到/完成某事）
try to do sth. 設(shè)法做某事，努力做某事（但并不一定成功）
the mouth of Kituro 火山口
so that 以便于(目的狀語(yǔ)從句),一定含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

6、Tazieff has often risked his life in this way.
risk one’s life 冒著生命危險(xiǎn)
take a risk of… =at a risk of… 冒著……的危險(xiǎn)
risk sth.＝risk losing sth. 冒著失去……的危險(xiǎn)
risk doing sth. 冒著做……的危險(xiǎn)

7、He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.
在兩相比較中, 如果前者屬于后者, 那一定要在比較時(shí)用other, else排除前者
than any other man alive

【Key structures】
Can, Be able to and Manage to
表示能力時(shí)用can/could，在將來(lái)時(shí)中表示“能力”時(shí)通常用will be able to，在表示成功地完成過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)用was able to而不用could。
He thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed.
I can’t remember where I’ve seen him.
Jane can’t swim yet. She’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time.
manage to在表示成功地完成過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)，經(jīng)常代替be able to，它更強(qiáng)調(diào)“雖然困難很大，但仍然……”。在否定句中，manage to與be able to經(jīng)常可以互換。
He was able to finish the job yesterday. （表示可能）
He managed to finish the job yesterday. （暗示他克服了不少困難才完成）
What do you think of the film?
I’m afraid I haven’t managed to/been able to see it yet.

【Special Difficulties】
帶 say與tell的短語(yǔ)
1、say
在表示“說(shuō)，講”時(shí)，say后面不跟間接賓語(yǔ)（人）。如果一定要指明，則用“to +名詞/代詞”。表示“道別，誦讀（祈禱），背誦”等含義時(shí)用say而不能用tell。say有“表達(dá)（思想、意見(jiàn)等）”、“據(jù)說(shuō)”含義，tell則沒(méi)有。
John is said to be very interested in art.
Do you have anything to say about the accident?
關(guān)于這次事故你有什么想說(shuō)的/想法？
He knelt down and said his prayers. 他跪了下來(lái)作禱告.
He said goodbye and left. 他告辭后離開(kāi)了.
say a good word for 為……說(shuō)好話/辯護(hù)；推薦
Don’t expect that he’ll say a good word for you.
2、tell
在表示“說(shuō)，講”時(shí)，tell后面可以跟雙賓語(yǔ)。tell經(jīng)常用于表示“講（實(shí)話，謊話，秘密等）”。tell可以表示“辨別，分辨”，say則不可以。在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，tell the time（美語(yǔ)為tell time）表示根據(jù)鐘表等“說(shuō)出時(shí)間，識(shí)鐘”
Can you tell me anything about it? 你能告訴我有關(guān)的任何事情嗎?
He is only five, but he can already tell the time.
tell (sb.) a lie 說(shuō)謊（謊言有很多個(gè)，為可數(shù)名詞）
He often tells lies. 他經(jīng)常說(shuō)謊.
tell (sb.) the truth 講真話(真話只有一個(gè),故要特指, 加the)
I want you to tell me the truth. 我要你講真話.
tell (sb.) the difference between 區(qū)分, 區(qū)別
Can't you tell the difference between an Austin and a Morris?
你能區(qū)分奧斯丁舞和莫利斯舞嗎?
say和tell后面跟so時(shí)含義不一樣：
I told you so! 我告訴過(guò)你是這樣的�。ㄓ糜谇闆r被證實(shí)之后）
Who says so? 誰(shuí)這么說(shuō)的？
I say so. 我這么說(shuō)的。

【Multiple choice questions】
4 He escaped just in time. He__d__ escaped.
(a)just only (b)only (c)soon (d) only just
only just ＝almost not 差點(diǎn)就沒(méi)有

7 He has been able to tell us a lot __b__volcanoes.
(a) considering (b) on the subject of
(c) in relation (d) referring
on the subject of＝about
(朝向)towards＝in the direction of （direction [di5rekFEn（英）， dai5rekFEn（美）] ）

12 He has told us more than any __d__person.
(a)alive (b)lively (c)live (d)living
lively adj. 活潑的,充滿生機(jī)的
a lively girl