Lesson 49 The end of a dream 【New words and expressions】（13） tired adj. 厭煩的 real adj. 真正的 owner n. 主人 spring n. 彈簧 mattress n. 床墊 gust n. 一陣風(fēng) sweep v. 掃，刮 courtyard n. 院子 smash v. 碰碎，摔碎 miraculously adv. 奇跡般地 unhurt adj. 沒有受傷的 glance v. 掃視 promptly adv. 迅速地 ★tired adj. 厭煩的 be/get tired of sth./doing sth. 討厭做某事 ★real adj. 真正的 (強(qiáng)調(diào)東西不是假的) true adj. 真摯, 真誠, 符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (強(qiáng)調(diào)符合某個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)) real man 真人；true man 男子漢，好漢 ★spring n. 彈簧 spring n. 春天；泉水 fountain n. 人工噴泉 ★mattress n. 床墊 mat n. 墊子 (如杯墊) cushion n. 座墊 ★gust n. 一陣（陣）風(fēng) a gust of anger (一陣)無名火 breeze n. 微風(fēng) gale n. 大風(fēng)，（突發(fā)的）一陣風(fēng)（風(fēng)力比gust強(qiáng)） wind n. 風(fēng)的總稱 ★sweep (swept[swept],swept) n. 掃刮 ① vt. 掃，打掃 She sweeps the floor/the room every morning. ② vt. （風(fēng)）吹；刮 A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof. sweep sth. away 把……刮走 The newspaper has been swept away by the wind. blow v. 刮 ★smash v. 碰碎, 摔碎 ① vt.&vi. 打碎，摔碎，（使）碎裂 The cup smashed on the floor. smash sth. into pieces 把……摔成碎片 The bed was smashed to piece. crash v. 受擠壓而變碎 The egg is easy to crash. cut sth. into pieces 切碎, 剪碎 tear sth. into pieces 撕碎 break v. 打碎 crack v. 裂開不碎 ② vt.&vi. 重?fù)簦瑲�打，猛�?撞 Why didn’t you smash the man with your fist? A car smashed into the wall. ★courtyard [5kC:tjB:d] n. 院子 court n. 院子，庭院；法庭 yard n. 院子 backyard n. 后院 ★glance v. 掃視 glance at 掃了一眼（有意識地看） glare at 瞪著(生氣的) stare at 盯著 gaze at 盯著(無限神往, 羨慕地看) ★promptly adv. 迅速地 promptly＝at once, immediately 【Text】 Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again. 參考譯文 德黑蘭的一個年輕人由于對睡地板感到厭倦, 于是積蓄多年買了一張真正的床. 他平生第一次自豪地?fù)碛辛艘粡埣扔袕椈捎謳Т矇|的床. 由于天氣很熱, 他便把床搬到了他的屋頂上. 頭兩天晚上, 他睡得非常好. 但第三天晚上起了風(fēng)暴. 一陣大風(fēng)把床從屋頂上刮了下來, 把它摔碎在下面的院子里. 那年輕人直到床撞到地上才醒了過來. 盡管床摔成了碎片, 但年輕人卻奇跡般地沒有受傷. 他醒來時, 仍然躺在床墊上. 年輕人看了一眼周圍的碎木片和碎金屬片, 傷心地?fù)炱鹆舜矇|, 把它拿進(jìn)了屋. 他把床墊往地板上一放, 很快又睡著了. 【課文講解】 1、Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. be tired of 對……感到厭倦，在這句話里省略了現(xiàn)在分詞being，用形容詞短語直接做原因狀語，其作用相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句as he was tired of…。 I always go to bed hungry. （用形容詞直接做狀語） Worried about my daughter, Lucy, she went to London to visit Lucy. I went home. I am tired. => I went home tired I went home excited. save up 攢錢，儲蓄 I want to get married in one or two years, so I’m trying to save (some money) up. 2、For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. for the first time in one's life 平生第一次 He became the proud father of a baby. 我自豪的成為一個孩子的父親了. 3、Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. on to（onto） 類似與 in to（into），用于表示動作方向而不用于表示靜態(tài)的位置，不但有“去”的概念還有把它放到“on”（上面）的概念。onto/on to有時可用on代替，但表示位置的'on不可用onto代替： Lift sth. on to the cart. I put the pen onto/on the table. The pen is on the table. （不能用onto/on to） Mr. Thompson is jumped onto the stage. 湯普森先生跳上了臺上。 Mr. Thompson jumped on the stage. 湯普森先生在臺上跳了跳。 4、He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. for the first two nights 頭兩天晚上 I study hard for the first three days. for the last three nights 最后三天晚上 blow up 風(fēng)越刮越大(程度在加深)，（指暴風(fēng)雨）出現(xiàn)并加��；刮起 speak up 大聲點(diǎn) 5、A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. gust表示“一陣強(qiáng)風(fēng)，一陣狂風(fēng)”，既可單獨(dú)使用，也可用a gust of wind形式： A gust (of wind) blew my hat off. She set off even though the wind was blowing in gusts. 雖然當(dāng)時陣陣狂風(fēng)吹著，她還是出發(fā)了。 off = down/away from below 直接放在被修飾詞之后作定語 crashing into the courtyard below是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作賓語補(bǔ)足語。crash （不及物動詞）直接用主動形式，smash（及物動詞）可用被動 一個句子中不能出現(xiàn)兩個動詞，如果出現(xiàn)了兩個動詞，要用and或but連接；或者把其中一個作為非謂語動詞to do(表目的)，-ed(表被動)，-ing(表主動)。 6、The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. not…until表示“直到……才”，until前面沒有not時，與表示一段時間的“持續(xù)動詞”連用；有not時，常用表示某一時間點(diǎn)的動詞（或瞬間動詞）連用： I’ll stay here until Monday. 我要在這兒呆到星期一。 I won’t leave until Monday. 我要到星期一才離開。 7、Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. although 盡管；though 雖然，意義差不多，以從句出現(xiàn) to pieces 粉碎地，成碎片地 The cup was broken to pieces. 8、Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. glancing為現(xiàn)在分詞，引導(dǎo)的短語相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句after he glanced at…。動詞的ing形式一定強(qiáng)調(diào)某一個名詞之間的主動關(guān)系。 glance v. 看一眼，掃視 Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking to me. 喬一邊和我聊天，一邊瀏覽報紙。 bits = pieces lie (lay，lain) 不及物動詞，后面一定要加“around”，不能說成“l(fā)ay him” 【letter writing】 大多數(shù)書信都以“dear”開頭，后接姓名，“dear”這個詞一定要在信紙的左手邊頂格。第二行如要退格是退5個字符, 現(xiàn)在西方都是頂格寫。 【Key structures】 復(fù)合句的語序 復(fù)合句可用兩種方法構(gòu)成：一是用連詞把從句與主句連接起來；二是用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或不定式。 1、用連詞連接的復(fù)合句 ① 在復(fù)合句中，從句可以是名詞從句（即起名詞的作用）。在句子中，它可以作主語、賓語或be等系動詞的表語，一般由that引導(dǎo)，有時也用what（疑問詞引導(dǎo)的除外） I know (that) the meeting will be put off. ② 從句可以是關(guān)系（或形容詞）從句，關(guān)系代詞通常有who，whom，that，which和whose。 ③ 從句可以是狀語（或副詞）從句，時間狀語連詞有when，after，before，as soon as，until，while，as，since等；地點(diǎn)狀語從句連詞有where，everywhere，anywhere等；方式狀語從句連詞有as或短語in the way (that)等，方式狀語從句在動詞be，feel，seem，appear等后面也可以由連詞as if和as though來引導(dǎo)；原因狀語從句由because，as等引導(dǎo)；條件狀語從句可由if及其他連詞引導(dǎo)；讓步狀語從句使句子具有對比的因素，它們一般由連詞although，though，even though，even if等引導(dǎo)；目的狀語從句可由so that，in order that等連詞引導(dǎo)；結(jié)果狀語從句描述結(jié)果，可由so+形容詞+that引導(dǎo)，也可由such (a) +（形容詞） + 名詞 + that來引導(dǎo)；比較狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)包括as +形容詞/副詞 + as，not so/as … as，形容詞/副詞的比較級 +than，more…than，less…than等 He has been ill since he came back from his holidays. With a special train ticket, you can travel anywhere/everywhere you like in Europe for just over $100. Type this again as/in the way (that) I showed you just now. As you can’t go yourself, you’ll have to ask Susan go for you. 既然你自己不能去，那你就請?zhí)K珊替你去吧。 2、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合句 ① 用現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以代替時間從句、原因從句、關(guān)系從句等，現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的這種用法僅限于兩個動作的主語一致的時候。用它代替時間從句時，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示的動作如果發(fā)生在前，則分詞結(jié)構(gòu)要位于主語前；如果兩個動作同時發(fā)生，那么分詞結(jié)構(gòu)既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后。分詞結(jié)構(gòu)位于主句前面時，要用逗號隔開。 I got very angry speaking to them. Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual. Following his mom, he went there.(主動概念, 跟著他母親去了那兒) ② 過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)常用于比較正式的文體，往往代替被動語態(tài) Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired. Followed by his mom, he went there. (被動概念, 被他母親帶著跟著去了那兒) 3、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合句 這種結(jié)構(gòu)通�？梢源�替表示目的或表示條件的狀語從句： To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations. 【Multiple choice questions】 3、___b___ the hot weather, he couldn't sleep indoors. a. Because b. Because of c. As d. For because，as，for+句子，不能加詞組；because of +名詞 因?yàn)椤��? 5、How ___b___ did he sleep? a. good b. well c. good d. nice how對形容詞或者副詞提問 He slept well. （how對程度副詞提問） The tree is tall. How tall is the tree? He sang songs beautifully. How beautifully did he sing? 6、Where was the courtyard? c a. Down. b. Under. c. Below. d. Bottom. down adv. 在……下(向下) go down, sit down under 介詞必須加賓語 below adv. 下面, 表示一種狀態(tài) bottom n. 下面 7、He looked at the bits of wood and metal ___c___ around him. a. laying b. laid c. lying d. lied laying(lay) vt. 放 （lay the egg(下蛋)） lying(lie vi. 躺 lie in bed) lie（lied，lied） 撒謊 過去分詞屬于非謂語動詞, 做定語時與被修飾詞形成被動關(guān)系 8 A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof. The wind blew very ___a___. a. hard b. fast c. quickly d. soon a gust of wind 一陣風(fēng) hard 修飾動詞, 表示程度大 study hard 努力學(xué)習(xí) 9 The bed crashed into the courtyard. It ___c___ the courtyard. a. smashed b. knocked c. struck d.exploded crash vi.從上往下掉, 摔碎；smash vt. 摔碎；knock v. 敲擊； explode v. 爆炸；struck v. 撞擊 11 He glanced at the bits of wood and metal. He ___a___ the bits of wood and metal. a. looked quickly at b. had a glimpse of c. stared at d.watched glance at （漫不經(jīng)心的）掃視,(主動的看) look quickly at 快速地看 had a glimpse of （無意識的）看 stare at 盯著看 watch 注視, 密切關(guān)注