【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語

★control n. 控制
control sth.(v.)控制...
I can control it.
I can manage it (口)
介詞短語:
in control 在控制之內(nèi)
under control 在控制之下,被控制
out of control 失控
arrest 逮捕
under arrest 被逮捕

★smoke n. 煙
smoke:(v.)吸煙
Don't smoke
No smoking.
cigarette,cigar :(n.)香煙
smoke :(n.)煙霧
full of smoke
名詞加-y,變?yōu)樾稳菰~
smokey:(a.)多煙的
smokey area :吸煙區(qū)
nonsmokey area :吸煙區(qū)
heavy smoker:煙癮重的人

★desolate adj. 荒涼的
lonely :孤獨的;荒涼的,偏僻的
desolate:荒涼的,極度孤獨的

★threaten v. 威脅
threaten to do :威脅著要做...
threaten sb.with sth:以什么來威脅某人
It threatened to rain 有跡象表明天要下雨了

★surrounding adj. 周圍的
surrounds:環(huán)境(在周邊的事物)
atmosphere:大氣層,氛圍(在周邊的人文環(huán)境)

★destruction n. 破壞,毀滅
destroy :(v.)破壞
destructive:毀滅性的
construction :建設,建筑
build:建設(具體的建某物)
construct:建設(為...創(chuàng)造更好的條件)
constructive 建設性的意見

★flood n. 洪水,水災
flood ,floods

★authority n. (常用復數(shù))當局
authorities

★grass-seed n. 草籽

★spray v. 噴撒
spray sth.over/on

★quantity n. 量
quality :質(zhì)量
quantity:數(shù)量
sth.with good quality
quantities of :大量的

★root n. 根
root of:...的根
What is the root cause?
take root:生根
come out :長出來
shoot :芽
get out :出去

★century n. 世紀

★patch n. 小片
a patch of :一小片
patches of :許多片
piece :片,塊
patch :(平面上的)一片,補丁

★blacken v. 變黑,發(fā)暗
-en --表示動詞
weak :虛弱的
weaken :使...變?nèi)?削弱
復合詞 :fireman
派生詞:(前綴,后綴)
-tion … 名詞
-less … 形容詞
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音,然后回答以下問題。
What was the danger to the villages after the fire?

Firemen had been fighting the forest for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.

參考譯文

消防隊員們同那場森林大火搏斗了將近3個星期才最后把火勢控制住。就在不久之前,參天大樹還覆蓋著方圓數(shù)英里的土地。而現(xiàn)在,發(fā)熱的.地面上仍然升騰著煙霧,彌漫在荒涼的山丘上。冬季即將來臨,這些山丘對周圍的村莊具有毀滅性的威脅,因為大雨不僅會沖走土壤,而且還會引起嚴重的水災。在大火最后被撲滅后,森林管理當局訂購了好幾噸一種生長迅速的特殊類型的草籽。飛機把這種草籽大量地撒播在地上。飛機撒播近一個月后,開始下起雨來。然而到那時,很多地方的草已經(jīng)生了根。一片片的綠草開始出現(xiàn)在這片燒焦的土地上,代替了多少世紀以來一直生長在那里的參天大樹。

【課文講解】

fireman had been fighting the forest fire
fight sth.:和...搏斗
get + 賓語+介詞短語 ……作賓補
for miles around 方圓幾英里

a short time before --從過去某一點時間算起,一段時間以前
a short time ago --從現(xiàn)在算起,一段時間以前
都可以放在段時間之后

rose up(from):升上來
over the desolate hills :(煙,霧)彌漫

Winter was coming on 季節(jié)的來臨
threaten sb.with sth. 有..跡象

serious :嚴重的
put out :撲滅
several tons of a special type of grass-seed
was sprayed over the ground 被動語態(tài)
in huge quantities --介詞短語作狀語,"大量的"
take root :生根
in place of :替代(只能指代位置、空間)原來放的東西,現(xiàn)在不在了
in stead of :替代+沒做的事

【Key structures】
過去完成時……這個動作在過去的過去
過去完成進行時……這個動作非但從過去的過去開始,而且是延續(xù)的

【Special difficulties】
Great :大的(強調(diào)重要性)
Big:大的(強調(diào)面積、體積上的)
Soil:泥土(能讓植物生長的)
Ground:地表,地面

【Multiple choice questions】

6...
花費 :如果是人作主語用spend
用時間表達用take
9...
A.weights weigh 重量
B.measures 測量
C.tons 噸 several tons
D.amounts large amounts 大量的,修飾不可數(shù)名詞
11...
patches 許多塊
everywhere 每一寸土地上都長著東西
here and there 這一塊,那一塊,很多塊,不一定是每一寸

【Dummary writing】

2.
now that 既然
which 定語從句
Now that all the great trees had been burnt,there was danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods which would destroy the surrounding village.

3. To prevent this the forest authorities ordered grass-seend which was sprayed over the ground by planes for nearly a month.

4.by the time (that) 到...時候為止.應理解為 before
By the time it began to rain,the grass had taken root in the soil.