【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語(yǔ)

★rare adj. 罕見(jiàn)的
rare animal 稀有動(dòng)物
rare bird 珍稀鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)
rare illness 疑難雜癥
scarce 少有的
Watermelon is scarce in winter.
coconut 椰子
steak 牛排
well done 全熟
medium 半生半熟的
rare 幾乎是生的

★ancient adj. 古代的,古老的
ancient Egypt 古埃及
antique 古董,古老而有價(jià)值的

★myth n. 神話故事
fairy 神仙故事

★trouble n. 麻煩
woman/man troubles
child troubles
never trouble troubles until troubles trouble you
永遠(yuǎn)不要自尋煩惱
Let sleeping dog lie. 不要自找麻煩。
ask for trouble
He is asking for trouble.
I'm sorry to put you in trouble. 我很抱歉給你帶來(lái)麻煩(口語(yǔ))
have trouble in doing sth
I have trouble (in) parking the car.
I have a lot of trouble parking the car.

★effect n. 結(jié)果,效果
have an effect 有效果
have no effect 沒(méi)有效果
have effect on 對(duì)...有效果
The advice has no effect on me.

★Medusa n. 美杜莎(古希臘神話中3位蛇發(fā)女怪這一)

★Gorgon n. (古希臘神話中的)3位蛇發(fā)女怪這一(凡見(jiàn)其貌者都會(huì)變成石頭)

First listen and then answer the question.
聽(tīng)錄音,然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What is Jasper White's problem?

Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. he has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!

參考譯文

賈斯珀.懷特是少有的相信古代神話的人之一。他剛在城里買(mǎi)下一所新房子,但自從搬進(jìn)去后,就和汽車(chē)及車(chē)主們發(fā)生了磨擦。當(dāng)他夜里回到家時(shí),總是發(fā)現(xiàn)有人把車(chē)停在他家大門(mén)外。為此,他甚至一次也沒(méi)能把自己的車(chē)開(kāi)進(jìn)車(chē)庫(kù)。賈斯珀曾把幾塊“禁止停車(chē)”的牌子掛在大門(mén)外邊,但沒(méi)有任何效果�，F(xiàn)在他把一個(gè)丑陋的石雕頭像放在了大門(mén)上邊,這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最丑陋的頭像之一。我問(wèn)他那是什么?他告訴我那是蛇發(fā)女怪美杜莎。賈斯珀希望她把汽車(chē)和車(chē)主們都變成石頭。但到目前為止還沒(méi)有一個(gè)變成石頭呢!

【課文講解】

one of 其中之一
one of the students
believe in 信任;信仰

關(guān)系代詞:who,whom,which,that
關(guān)系代詞后面要加從句
先行詞是主句和從句共同有的一個(gè)詞
I have a book that/which he likes.
關(guān)系代詞有兩個(gè)功能:一是承上,一是啟下
The boy is my brother.
The boy is standing at the door.
The boy who is standing at the door is my brother.
I can do anything I can to help you.
I can do anything that I can do.
Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths.
who 在這是關(guān)系詞,起承上啟下的作用
believe 用在people之后應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)對(duì)待
who 在從句中指代的是單數(shù),就用單數(shù)對(duì)待,在從句中指代的是復(fù)數(shù)就用復(fù)數(shù)對(duì)待
如果在定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)了one of作為先行詞,它后邊的關(guān)系代詞指代的是后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞
如果在one of前面還有一修飾詞only,那么后邊的關(guān)系代詞將指代one這個(gè)詞
He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.
one of 直接作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,它是做單數(shù)看待的
One of the answers is ture.
One of those people is good.
ever since=since
have trouble doing 做...有麻煩
have trouble with sb. 和某人相處有麻煩
I have trouble with my roommate.
in the morning 每天早晨
in the afternoon 每天下午
at night 每天晚上
park a car 停車(chē)
because of 由于
because 的后面加句子
because of 的后面加詞
be able to 的主語(yǔ)一般都是人,表示有能力去做
get his car into his garage.
I drove the car into the wall.
I drove the car into the tree.
drive the car into 把車(chē)子撞上某地
get sth into 把...弄進(jìn)
even once
put up 張貼
put up the pictures on the wall 在墻上貼畫(huà)
not any = no
on 接觸在上面
over 懸掛在上面
one of后面加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
I have ever seen 做定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前邊的faces
如果關(guān)系詞在從句中做賓語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞口語(yǔ)省略,所以 I 前的which被省略
This is the most difficult thing I have ever done.
This is the most terrible news I have ever heard.
有兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)一定是最高級(jí)
1.of+范圍
2.in+地點(diǎn)
He is the tallest in the room.
3.I have ever 從句
hope 的后面加that從句
turn sth to 把前者變成后者
turn the prince to a frog
He was turned to a frog
turn cars and their owner to stone
none of,neither of做主語(yǔ)時(shí)做單數(shù)看待
先行詞:放在定語(yǔ)從句前面,而且是兩句話共同含有的詞,還是被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的.詞
定語(yǔ)從句:句子做定語(yǔ),一般放在被修飾詞后面
四個(gè)關(guān)系代詞:
who;whom;which;that
who 在從句當(dāng)中做主語(yǔ)或做賓語(yǔ)
whom 只能在從句當(dāng)中做賓語(yǔ)
which 指物,即可以做主語(yǔ),又可以做賓語(yǔ)
that 即可以指物,又可以指人,即可以做主語(yǔ),又可以做賓語(yǔ)
【Special difficulties】

whose 后面一定要加一個(gè)名詞,然后這個(gè)部分共同做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)
The boy whose sister is standing at the door is my brother.
The pilot whose plane landed in a field was not hurt.
land 著陸
He is the right person I am looking for.

【Structure】(47頁(yè))

3. Our neighbour,...name is Charles Alison,will sail tomorrow.
(a) whose √ (b) whose his (c) his (d) of whom
whose 在這兒等于his
his是物主代詞,whose是關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系代詞可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,物主代詞不可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞有 who,whom,which,that
只有whose做定語(yǔ)

5.His boat,...is 'Topsail‘,is famouse.
(a) whose the name (b) the whose name
(c) of whom the name (d) the name of which √
冠詞和形容詞性物主代詞不能并存
不會(huì)說(shuō)of sth the name
而會(huì)說(shuō)the name of sth
介詞后邊加的是介詞賓語(yǔ)
that不能直接出現(xiàn)在介詞后邊

復(fù)習(xí)28課的語(yǔ)法
定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞可以有四個(gè)概念:
1.代人的,做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)who
只做賓語(yǔ)的whom
2.代物的,做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) which
3.代人的也可以代物的 做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) that
4.whose其代表的東西由其在句子中的成分決定
The boat whose name is...
翻譯練習(xí):
我有一個(gè)房子,房子的窗戶(hù)都破了。
I have a house whose windows are broken.
介詞后不可以用that
I have a book I am interested in。
I have a book that I am interested in.

Exersise

The only game...I play are football and tennis.
1.不填 如果要填只能是that
先行詞如果用only,序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí)修飾,其后邊的關(guān)系詞只用that
2.He is the only student...understand English well.
that

3.He is writer...books are seldom read.
whose

4.This is the hotel at...we are staying
which
介詞后加物的話,只加which,加人的話,用whom,都不可用that
She is the gril。I stayed with her.
She is the girl with whom I stayed.
This is the hotel which we are staying at
That is the house.I live in the house.
That is the house in which I live.

5.Is this the money...you lost? 不填

6.That is the horse...won the race.
從句中少主語(yǔ)
選which ,that 不能用
句子中用詞避免重復(fù)
誰(shuí)是那個(gè)正在幫助你的人?
Who is the man that is helping you?

7. He is the sort of person...everyone admires.
person 是先行詞,在從句中做賓語(yǔ)
不填
總結(jié):
在做翻譯或閱讀時(shí),先找句子的主干,剩下的是各修飾成分
考定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),備選答案更加難以選出,要仔細(xì)分辨,再?gòu)?fù)習(xí)一下這七道題

【Multiple choice】

6.
這是我所見(jiàn)過(guò)的最干凈的街道了。
This is the cleanest street I have ever seen.
答案:D
此句是用比較級(jí)來(lái)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的概念
better than anything else 最好
The teacher is the tallest in the room.
The teacher is taller than anyone else in the room.
I have never seen a taller one.
I have never bought a more expensive one.

7.
課文中為 none of
No 是形容詞,后加名詞
no one =nobody
不定代詞后不用of
可以用的有:neither of/none of/both of/all of
none of =not one of

9.
rarely=seldom 幾乎不
10.
選 D.
not all 不是所有的
Not all students are good.
Not all children are naughty.
12.
have effect 有效果
影響 effect .n.
affect .v.

【Composition】
drives/driven/and/do not deserve/criticizes