高考英語猜詞宜參考構(gòu)詞法和上下文舉例

　　在平時的閱讀和英語考試中，我們都會遇到生詞，這很正常，也不可避免。根據(jù)文章提供的上下文和掌握構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義，是我們學(xué)習(xí)和掌握英語必須具備的能力。對高考而言，這種能力尤為重要。從四年高考英語天津卷來看，閱讀理解試題中總有一些題要考查同學(xué)們根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法知識猜出生詞詞義或熟詞新義的能力。而從考試結(jié)果來看，猜詞題一直都是難度大，區(qū)分度高的試題。在這個項(xiàng)目上得分，可以使自己的高考英語成績占有優(yōu)勢。2014年至2014年的試題中，在不同的語篇里，分別要猜collision，juvenile obesity，inheritable trait和compassion等四個詞（詞組），雖然這幾個猜詞題都有很好的上下文，也有比較明顯的“詞干”提示，但考試的結(jié)果，其難度系數(shù)（正確選擇率）卻分別是：0.23，0.64，0.24和0.13，猜詞成了大部分同學(xué)的“滑鐵盧”。

　　高考猜哪類詞

　　從近幾年來看，猜詞題既猜生詞生義，也猜熟詞生義；猜詞里既有單詞，又有短語；詞類分布上，以實(shí)詞（名詞，動詞，形容詞，副詞和代詞等）為主。

　　例一：Food Network producer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay. “It’s about your personality（個性）and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”

　　What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?

　　A. A natural ability to attract others.

　　B. A way to show one’s achievement.

　　C. Lieberman’s after-class interest.

　　D. Lieberman’s fine cooking skill.

　　答案A。charisma為非考綱詞匯表上單詞，其詞義與下文的“It’s about your personality（個性）and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”有關(guān)。

　　例二：Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.

　　The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in the paragraph probably mean ________.

　　A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching

　　C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching

　　答案A。become/get hooked on sth為非考綱詞匯表上詞組，其詞義可以通過下文的… and changed his major from medicine to education.來獲得。

　　例三：“It’s important to let children experience the reality of death, if it can be done in an atmosphere of love and caring. A child whose sibling, parent or grandparent is seriously ill can be made to feel helpful by being allowed to run errands（跑腿）. Even a very young child can comfort a sick loved one with a cheering visit.”

　　Judging from the passage, the underlined word “sibling” in the paragraph probably means .

　　A. friend B. brother or sister

　　C. cousin D. relative

　　答案B。猜測sibling這個詞時，需要注意它是與parent or grandparent一起羅列出來的，這是通過列舉歸納的方法來猜測詞義的很好的例子。sibling, parent or grandparent都與孩子有親屬關(guān)系，從這樣的列舉我們不難推斷sibling應(yīng)當(dāng)是“兄弟姐妹”。

　　例四：Johnson looked like a man wanted in Los Angeles for robbery, so the police detained him at San Pedro for the night.The next day, Johnson telephoned his friends in Los Angeles. They drove to San Pedro and made the police believe that Johnson was a harmless salesman, so they set him free.

　　The underlined word “detained” probably means __________.

　　A. caught B. controlled

　　C. kept D. hurt

　　答案C。detained前面出現(xiàn)了a man wanted（被通緝的人），the police（警察局）；它的下面又出現(xiàn)了at San Pedro for the night（在San Pedro過一夜），綜合分析上下文的信息，應(yīng)當(dāng)是拘留，也就是用kept一詞，注意不能用caught，這是個動作動詞，表示“逮著了”，但不能說“逮著了一夜”。

　　例五：Jacob Blitzstein surprised his fellow students all the time. He isn’t some stuffy guy, though he wears his neat gray beard and conservative （traditional） clothes.

　　The word “stuffy” in the paragraph means _______.

　　A. old-fashioned B. respectable

　　C. narrow-minded D. fat

　　答案A。stuffy后面有一個though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，說明出現(xiàn)了反義信息，但是stuffy前面又有not，說明stuffy就是wears his neat gray beard and conservative （traditional） clothes傳遞出的信息，因此選擇old-fashioned“傳統(tǒng)的，守舊的”。

　　例六：If left to himself, he would have whistled （ 吹口哨） life away in perfect satisfaction; but his wife was always mad at him for his idleness （懶散）. Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house ——the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband.

　　The underlined words “henpecked husband” in the paragraph probably means a man who______.

　　A. likes hunting B. is afraid of hens

　　C. loves his wife D. is afraid of his wife

　　答案D。henpecked husband是通過前文事例，最后做出的歸納。進(jìn)行猜詞時，要分析文段所描述的人物特點(diǎn)：自己待著，無拘無束，其樂融融；而他的妻子卻總會為他的懶散而惱怒，整天嘮叨他，結(jié)果他不得已跑出家去。這種表現(xiàn)明顯的是“氣管炎”，怕老婆。

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