語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)：直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)屬于賓語(yǔ)從句范疇。直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語(yǔ);用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，或引用自己說(shuō)過(guò)的話，叫間接引語(yǔ)。由 于時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)以及人物都有可能起變化，所以間接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、語(yǔ)序、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。

1. 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換方法

① 間接引語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序

陳述句用 that 引導(dǎo)，口語(yǔ)中常省略 She said，例：

“I am going to the cinema. ”

→ She said (that) she was going to the cinema.

② 一般疑問(wèn)句

用if/whether連接，例：

“Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.

→ She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.

③ 反意疑問(wèn)句

用if/whether連接，例：

He asked，“You are a doctor， aren’t you?”

→ He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.

④ 特殊疑問(wèn)句

由原疑問(wèn)詞連接(如疑問(wèn)代詞是主語(yǔ)，不要改變語(yǔ)序)，例：

He asked, “Who will come to help us?”

→ He asked who would come to help them.

She said, “Where have you been， Simon?”

→ She asked Simon where he had been.

⑤ 選擇疑問(wèn)句

由 whether…or 引導(dǎo)，例：

Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”

→ Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.

⑥ 祈使句

用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something” 結(jié)構(gòu)，將動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式，例：

“Put up your hands，” said the teacher.

→ The teacher told them to put up their hands.

“Don’t play football on the street，” the policeman said.

→ The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.