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      高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)指南

      時(shí)間:2022-12-09 16:52:03 高考英語(yǔ) 我要投稿
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      高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)指南

       。ㄒ唬┛季V要求

      高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)指南

        考綱規(guī)定,冠詞考查基本用法,包括定冠詞與不定冠詞,不定冠詞a與an的區(qū)別;不用冠詞的情況;習(xí)語(yǔ)中的冠詞;特指與泛指等,語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)冠 詞。

       。ǘ┟}導(dǎo)向

        冠詞規(guī)則的靈活運(yùn)用是高考命題的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn),幾乎每年高考題的單項(xiàng)選擇或完形填空都有涉及冠詞的題目,不定冠詞和定冠詞的一些特殊用法,習(xí)慣用法及不用冠詞的情況是高考重點(diǎn)考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。

       。ㄈ┗居梅

        當(dāng)代語(yǔ)法把冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞(即不用冠詞)三種。冠詞是一種虛詞,起限定作用,是最主要最典型的限定詞,放在名詞(或名詞化的形容詞分詞)前面,說(shuō)明其所指的人或物。

        1、定冠詞的基本用法:

       、 表示上文提到過(guò)的人或事物。如:I have bought a book. The book is very useful.

        ② 用于說(shuō)話人與聽(tīng)話人心中都有數(shù)的人或事物。如:Close the window, please.

       、 用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

       、 用于表示方位的名詞之前。如:the east, the right.

        ⑤ 用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)之前。如:the first, the tallest.

       、 用于形容詞之前,使其名詞化。如:the sick, the wounded.

       、 用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞之前。如:the United States, the United Nation.

        ⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島、建筑物等的名詞之前。如:the Changjiang River, the East Lake.

       、 用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前,表示"夫婦"或"全家"。如:The Smiths

       、 用于樂(lè)器的名詞前。如:play the piano; play the violin.

        ⑾ 發(fā)明物。如:The compass was invented in China.

       、 年代名詞前。如:He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.

       、 固定詞組中。如:in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time

        2、不定冠詞的基本用法:

        ① 泛指一個(gè)。如:There is a book on the table.

        ② 指人或事物的某一種類。如:His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.

       、 指某一個(gè)人或事物,但不具體說(shuō)明。如:My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.

        ④ 用于某一些表示重量、長(zhǎng)度、時(shí)間等單位前,表示"每一"。如:We have meals three times a day.(我們一天吃三餐。)

       、 表示同樣的。如:They are of an age.(他們是同歲。)

       、 表數(shù)量,相當(dāng)于one,但語(yǔ)意較弱。如:There is a pen and two books on the desk.

        ⑦ 使抽象名詞具體化。如:The little girl is a help to her mother. (a hand譯"幫手")

       、 固定搭配。如:as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word

        3、不用冠詞的情況:

        ① 表示總稱的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前。如:Children love cartoons.(兒童喜歡卡通影片。)

       、 不含普通名詞的專有名詞前。如:We are studying English.

        ③ 名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時(shí)。如:I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.

        ④ 季節(jié)、月份、星期等名詞前,一般不用冠詞。如:She likes spring most.

        ⑤ 呼語(yǔ)前不用冠詞。如:What shall I do next, Mother?

       、 三餐飯前不用冠詞。如:What did you have for lunch?

       、 節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。如:People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.

       、 球類和棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前不用冠詞。如:She is fond of playing basketball.

       、 在一些成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的短語(yǔ)中不用冠詞。如:arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牽手); side by side(肩對(duì)肩); day and day(日日夜夜); young and old(老老少少); from door to door(挨門挨戶); from beginning to end(從頭到尾); from morning till night(從早到晚)等。

        練習(xí)(一)、冠 詞

        1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation(交通設(shè)施).

        A. the, theB. a, theC. the, /D. the, a

        2. ---- What happened?---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.

        A. a, aB. a, theC. /, theD. /, a

        3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.

        A. a, theB. the, aC. the, theD. a, a

        4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.

        A. a, TheB. the, AC. a, AD. /, The

        5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.

        A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a

        6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn't ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.

        A. a, aB. a, theC. the, theD. the, a

        7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. aB. anC. theD. every

        8. He was absent because he had caught ____.

        A. heavy a coldB. the heavy coldC. a heavy cold D. heavy cold

        9. ____ water is ____ liquid.A. The, aB. A, aC. /, /D. /, a

        10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.

        A. /, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, a

        11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.

        A. aB. theC. anotherD. other

        12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.

        A. firstB. a firstC. secondD. the second

        13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal.A. The, theB. The, aC. The, anD. /, a

        14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.

        A. the summer 1995B. summer 1995C. 1995 the summerD. the summer of 1995

        15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life.A. The, theB. The, a C. The, /D. /, the

        16. The soldier died during ____ World War I.A. theB. the firstC. /D. a

        17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.

        A. a 1870B. 1870sC. the year of 1870D. the 1870s

        18. Alice is ____ of the two girls.A. tallerB. the tallC. more tallD. the taller

        19. ---- Can your sister play ____?---- No, but she can play ____.

        A. the tennis, the pianoB. tennis, pianoC. the tennis, pianoD. tennis, the piano

        20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.

        A. frontB. the frontC. a front D. instead

        21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.

        A. in herB. on herC. in theD. on the

        22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.

        A. /, /B. the, theC. /, theD. the, /

        23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.

        A. The, theB. /, /C. The, /D. /, the

        24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. aB. theC. anD. /

        25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?

        A. manB. the manC. a manD. men

        26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./

        27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China.A. AB. TheC. /D. That

        28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.

        A. the, /B. /, theC. a, /D. /, a<

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