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高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣
I．要點(diǎn)
表示說的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語(yǔ)中。
�。�、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成
情景 | 條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 | 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 |
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 | 動(dòng)詞過去式（be要用were） | should |
與過去事實(shí)相反 | had +過去分詞 | should |
與將來事實(shí)相反 | １、動(dòng)詞過去時(shí) | should |
注：如果條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含有were或had, should, could有時(shí)可將if省去, 但要倒裝。如：
Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
�。�、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用
�。ǎ保┰谥髡Z(yǔ)從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，其謂語(yǔ)形式是"should(可省) ＋動(dòng)詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中。
句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
如：It is strange that he (should) have done that.
It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
It is requested that we (should) be so careless.
（２）在賓語(yǔ)從句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：
I suggest that we (should) go swimming.
�。ǎ常┰诒碚Z(yǔ)從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語(yǔ)通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形"。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
�。ǎ矗┰谕徽Z(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形"。如：
We received order that the work be done at once.
�。ǎ担┰贗t is time that…句型中，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是"動(dòng)詞的過去式"或
"should ＋動(dòng)詞原形",should不可省。如：
It's time that we went ( should ）go to school.
II．例題
例１We had hoped that he ____ longer.
A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay
解析：該題正確答案為Ｄ。had hoped表示"本希望"，同樣用法的動(dòng)詞還有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
例２"Mary wants to see you today".
"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."
A comes B came C should come D will come
解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。would rather后面的從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)表示。
例３Had she been older, she ____ it better.
A had done B might have done
C might do D would do
解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故該題正確答案為Ｂ。
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