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考研英語(yǔ)（一）真題第三篇閱讀答案和解析
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考研英語(yǔ)（一）真題第三篇閱讀答案和解析 1
31. D had a low opinion of GDP
32. C GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK
33. D Its results are enlightening
34. C It is essential to consider factors beyond GDP
35. A high GDP but inadequate well-being ， a UK lesson
【答案解析】
31. 細(xì)節(jié)題
根據(jù)題干的定位信息可以定位到第一段第一句，從原句“Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”中可以看出Kennedy 對(duì)于GDP是持有否定態(tài)度的。從下文也可以看出作者也認(rèn)為GDP有許多缺點(diǎn)，所以作者引用Kennedy 來(lái)使文章更具有說(shuō)服力。故D選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。
32.推斷題
本題是段落推斷題，題干中指明了段落，需要進(jìn)行推斷得出答案，第二段原文“By most recent measures， the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world， with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well， then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit， despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects? ”中，作者首先表示英國(guó)的GDP被許多西方世界羨慕，然后作者反問如果英國(guó)現(xiàn)狀真如英國(guó)的.GDP反映的那么的好，為什么還會(huì)有多達(dá)1700萬(wàn)的民眾都投票要脫歐呢。由此可見英國(guó)民眾認(rèn)為GDP好并不代表英國(guó)社會(huì)現(xiàn)狀真的好。故選項(xiàng)C為答案。
33.細(xì)節(jié)題
根據(jù)題干信息和關(guān)鍵詞 annual study 可以定位到第三段第一句“A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. ”，其中D選項(xiàng)的enlightening 與sheds some light on that question同義替換。故D選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。
34.細(xì)節(jié)題
從最后一段的原句“So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations， as a measure， it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.” 可以看出GDP 不再夠用了，它沒有包含重要的因素“it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as ...”。C選項(xiàng)中it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP正好是該句的完美改寫。因此C選項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。
35.主旨題
本體是主旨題，需要通過(guò)全篇來(lái)選答案，這篇文章在開頭引用了Kennedy對(duì)于GDP的負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)，并通過(guò)英國(guó)脫鉤這個(gè)案例來(lái)引出需要考慮GDP這個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制的好壞，中間各段在分析英國(guó)GDP表現(xiàn)好，但實(shí)際英國(guó)社會(huì)現(xiàn)狀卻不好，最后在倒數(shù)第二自然段指出This is a lesson that rich countries can learn. 故A選項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。
考研英語(yǔ)（一）真題第三篇閱讀答案和解析 2
As a historian whos always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, Ive become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?). Ive found quite a few, and- since I started posting them on Twitter-they have been causing quite stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.
Of course, I need to concede that my collection of Smiling Victorians makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. How do we explain this trend?
During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs. The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to contemplate, and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm.
But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by todays digital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.
One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin. “Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian maxim, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular pearly whites rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).
A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps, prostitutes and buffoonish music hall performers might gurn and grin with a smile as wide as Lewis Carrolls gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be "nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever".
31.【題干】According to Paragraph 1, the authors posts on Twitter. _____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.changed peoples impression of the Victorians.
B.highlighted social medias role in Victorian studies.
C.re-evaluated the Victorians notion of public image.
D.illustrated the development of Victorian photography.
【答案】A
32.【題干】What does author say about the Victorian portraits he has collected? _____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.They are in popular use among historians.
B.They are rare among photographs of that age.
C.They mirror 19th-century social conventions.
D.They show effects of different exposure times.
【答案】B
33.【題干】What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s? _____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.Their inherent social sensitiveness.
B.Their tension before the camera.
C.Their distrust of new inventions.
D.Their unhealthy dental condition.
【答案】D
34.【題干】Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in pictures was_____.
【選項(xiàng)】
A.a deep-root belief.
B.a misguided attitude.
C.a controversial view.
D.a thought-provoking idea.
【答案】A
35.【題干】Which of the following questions does the text answer?_____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?
B.Why did the Victorians start view photographs?
C.What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period?
D.How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm?
【答案】A
考研英語(yǔ)（一）真題第三篇閱讀答案和解析 3
Today， widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year。 After all， if everyone you know is going to college in the fall， it seems silly to stay back a year， doesn’t it？ And after going to school for 12 years， it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic。
But while this may be true， it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years。 There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line，” whether that be toward graduate school， medical school or lucrative career。 But despite common misconceptions， a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact， it probably enhances it。
Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not。 Rather than pulling students back， a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence， new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most。 Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment， making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders。
If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests， then consider its financial impact on future academic choices。 According to the National Center for Education Statistics， nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once。 This isn’t surprising， considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications， but switching to another after taking college classes。 It’s not necessarily a bad thing， but depending on the school， it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game。 At Boston College， for example， you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department。 Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on。
31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that 。
[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college
[C] it feels strange to do differently from others [D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses
[答案][C]it feels strange to do differently from others
32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps 。
[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers
[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens [D] relieve freshmen of pressures
[答案][D]relieve freshmen of pressures
33.The word “acclimation” （Line 8， Para. 3） is closest in meaning to 。
[A] adaptation[B] application [C] motivation[D] competition
[答案][A]adaptation
34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them 。
[A] avoid academic failures [B] establish long-term goals
[C] switch to another college [D] decide on the right major
[答案][D]decide on the right major
35.The most suitablefor this text would be 。
[A] In Favor of the Gap Year [B] The ABCs of the Gap Year
[C] The Gap Year Comes Back [D] The Gap Year： A Dilemma
[答案][A]In Favor of the Gap Year
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