課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1．…children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk．……孩子們甚至在還沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)走路時(shí)就已經(jīng)能熟練地在水下屏住呼吸了。

（1）expert表示“熟練者”、“專(zhuān)家”，后面通常跟 at／in+ doing sth．結(jié)構(gòu)（cf．第59課課文詳注）：

Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate.

雷克斯很快成了開(kāi)門(mén)的專(zhuān)家。

（2）hold one's breath 為固定短語(yǔ)，表示“屏住呼吸”：

When the film became very exciting, Tom and Sally

would hold their breath.

電影演到激動(dòng)人心處時(shí)，湯姆和薩莉就會(huì)屏住呼吸。

Last night, when I heard a strange noise coming from the bar, I held my breath and listened carefully.

昨天晚上，當(dāng)我聽(tīng)到酒吧間有奇怪的響聲后便屏住呼吸仔細(xì)聽(tīng)。

2．It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. 他們很快便適應(yīng)了游泳，以致能撿起池底的物品。

not long before 通常譯為“不久”、“很快”。 so…that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。 pick up 表示“撿起”。weight 在這里指比重較大（因此能沉在水底）的物品。 be accustomed to 表示“習(xí)慣的'”、“適應(yīng)了的”，后面通常跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞：

My mother is accustomed to getting up early.

我母親習(xí)慣早起。

He soon became accustomed to his new job.

他很快適應(yīng)了新工作。

3．A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is…這些幼小的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員非常喜愛(ài)的一種游戲是……

popular表示“受歡迎的”、“討人喜歡的”，常與with或among連用：

Swimming is popular with these girls.

這些姑娘們喜愛(ài)游泳。

Mary is popular with / among children.

瑪麗受孩子們的歡迎。

4．Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool…
三輪車(chē)并排放在游泳池底上……

line up 為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表示“（使）排成行／排隊(duì)”：

Why are people lining up over there?

人們?cè)谀沁吪抨?duì)干什么？

Line these chairs up, please.

請(qǐng)把這些椅子排好。

5．Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. 他們將來(lái)是否能成為奧林匹克的冠軍，這只能由時(shí)間來(lái)作出回答。

這是一個(gè)倒裝句，賓語(yǔ)從句置于句首。通常，以疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句會(huì)用于這種句型：

What made him do it, no one knows.

是什么使得他干了這事，沒(méi)有人知道。

How they found out the truth, only George can tell.

他們是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)真相的，只有喬治能作出回答。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1．instruct vt．

（1）指導(dǎo)，教，傳授：

Children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age.

兒童在很小的時(shí)候就可以開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)游泳。

Dan instructs chemistry at a nearby college.

丹在附近的一所學(xué)院教化學(xué)。

（2）指示，命令，吩咐：

The doctor instructed Jimmy to stay in bed for a week.

醫(yī)生囑咐吉米臥床一星期。

I've been instructed to give you this parcel.

我奉命將這個(gè)包裹交給您。

2．compete vi．

（1）比賽，對(duì)抗（通常與 with或 against連用）：

The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool.

孩子們比賽看誰(shuí)先到達(dá)游泳池的另一端。

How many people will compete in the race?

有多少人參加這個(gè)比賽？

During the singing contest, Mary competed with Helen for the first prize.

在歌詠比賽中，瑪麗與海倫爭(zhēng)奪一等獎(jiǎng)。

（2）匹敵，比得上，媲美（通常與with連用，多用于否定句）：

Hugh's house can't compete with yours.

休的房子比不上你的。

None of his later books can compete with his first one.

他后來(lái)的書(shū)沒(méi)有一本能比得上第一本。

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1．關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案

1 of 2 of…to 3 to…from

4 on…on 5 from…with 6 to…of

7 with…on 8 with…to 9 to…with

10 at…on 11 of…for 12 in / with

13 in 14 to…in…with 15 of…to

16 of 17 for 18 of…to

19 for…for 20 on…in 21 of…about

22 to 23 for/ about…at/by 24 in

25 of…of 26 to…of 27 for

28 to 29 on 30 on…of

31 to 32 to/with…of 33 to…to

34 from…of 35 in…on

2．多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

1a 2b 3c 4b 5a 6d

7a 8c 9d 10a 11b 12c