生物專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)試題及答案（四）
將英語短文譯為中文:（4篇短文，每個(gè)小題的標(biāo)題也要翻譯，各為15、10、10、5分，共40分）
3 Self-Powered Nanotech （10分）
Nanosize machines need still tinier power plants
By Zhong Lin Wang
The watchmaker in the 1920s who devised the self-winding wristwatch was on to a great idea: mechanically harvesting energy from the wearer’s moving arm and putting it to work rewinding the watch spring.
Today we are beginning to create extremely small energy harvesters that can supply electrical power to the tiny world of nanoscale devices, where things are measured in billionths of a meter. We call these power plants nanogenerators. The ability to make power on a minuscule scale allows us to think of implantable biosensors that can continuously monitor a patient’s blood glucose level, or autonomous strain sensors for structures such as bridges, or environmental sensors for detecting toxins — all running without the need for replacement batteries. Energy sources are desperately needed for nanorobotics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), homeland security and even portable personal electronics. It is hard to imagine all the uses such infinitesimal generators may eventually find.
In Brief
★Nanotechnology has huge potential — but those minuscule devices will need a power source that is better than a battery.
★ Waste energy, in the form of vibrations or even the human pulse, could provide sufficient power to run such tiny gadgets.
★ Arrays of piezoelectric nanowires could capture and transmit that waste energy to nanodevices.
★ Medical devices will likely be a major application. A pacemaker’s battery could be charged so it would not need replacing, or implanted wireless nanosensors could monitor blood glucose for diabetics.
自我供電的納米技術(shù)
納米級(jí)大小的機(jī)器仍然需要更加小巧的發(fā)電廠
王中林（Zhong Lin Wang）
3.2 第一段 (4分)
1920年代的鐘表匠制造出的自動(dòng)上發(fā)條手表，來自一個(gè)偉大的點(diǎn)子：以機(jī)械的方式從戴表者晃動(dòng)的手臂獲取能量，重新上緊手表發(fā)條。
今天，我們則打算制造極小的能源獲取器，來為奈米儀器的小小世界供應(yīng)電力。這些東西稱為“納米發(fā)電機(jī)”，由于它們有能力在微小的尺度內(nèi)產(chǎn)生電力，我們便能開始設(shè)法讓有些東西不須更換電池就能運(yùn)作，像是可以持續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)病患血糖濃度的植入性生物偵測(cè)器、會(huì)自動(dòng)拉緊橋墩的結(jié)構(gòu)偵測(cè)器，或是偵測(cè)有毒物質(zhì)的環(huán)境偵測(cè)器等。此外，納米機(jī)器人、微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)（MEMS）、國(guó)防安全，甚至可攜式個(gè)人電子用品，都亟需電力來源。我們很難想象，最后可以找到這么精細(xì)微小的發(fā)電器，為上述電子儀器供電。
3.3 第二段 (4分)
重點(diǎn)提要
■ 納米科技的潛力無窮，但是這些微小的裝置必須有比電池更好的電力來源。
■ 由振動(dòng)甚至人體脈搏所浪費(fèi)掉的能量，就可以提供足夠的動(dòng)力來驅(qū)動(dòng)這類的小機(jī)件
■ 壓電納米線數(shù)組可以捕捉這些浪費(fèi)掉的能量，并傳送給納米裝置。
■ 醫(yī)療裝置將會(huì)是最主要的應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目。它們可以為起搏器的電池充電，因此不需要更換電池，也可以植入無線納米偵測(cè)器，以監(jiān)測(cè)糖尿病患的血糖濃度。
4. Finding Early Signs of Mad-Cow Disease（5分）
Disease damage: This microscopy image shows brain tissue damaged by Creutzfeldt-Jakob （可不譯，照搬） disease. Researchers have made a list of blood proteins that act as early indicators of a group of diseases including bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as mad-cow disease. The human form of BSE, a fatal degenerative neurological disorder, called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Biotech pioneer: Leroy Hood, president and cofounder of the Institute for Systems Biology, in Seattle, invented several tools, including the automated DNA sequencer that helped make it possible to sequence the human genome. Now, biotech pioneer Leroy Hood explains how Systems Biology will impact medicine.
4.1 小標(biāo)題漢化（1分）：發(fā)現(xiàn)瘋牛病的早期信號(hào)（注：關(guān)鍵術(shù)語為劃線者，以下同）
4.2 圖注漢化（2分）：
圖1（2分）：疾病損傷：此顯微圖片顯示被克魯茲菲爾特-雅各布疾病所損傷的大腦組織（注：Creutzfeldt-Jakob 可不用翻譯，照搬即可）。研究者已經(jīng)制造了一系列血蛋白，它們可作為一組疾病的早期顯示劑，這組疾病包括牛海綿狀腦疾�。˙SE），亦被稱為瘋牛病。瘋牛病的人類形式，一種致命的退行性神經(jīng)疾病，則叫做克魯茲菲爾特-雅格氏腦�。ê�(jiǎn)稱克雅氏腦�。�
圖2（2分）：生物技術(shù)的先驅(qū)：萊諾伊·胡德（人名可不譯，照搬），是位于西雅圖的系統(tǒng)生物學(xué)研究所的總裁和共同創(chuàng)立者（聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人），他發(fā)明過幾種工具，包括自動(dòng)化DNA測(cè)序儀，該技術(shù)有助于使測(cè)序人類基因組成為可能�，F(xiàn)在，生物技術(shù)先驅(qū)，萊若伊胡德博士，要解釋系統(tǒng)生物學(xué)將如何影響醫(yī)學(xué)。
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